A Definition of Learning Disabilities
Learning
disabilities is a general term that refers to a heterogeneous group of
disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening,
speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities. These
disorders are intrinsic to the individual, presumed to be due to central
nervous system dysfunction, and may occur across the life span. Problems in
self-regulatory behaviors, social perception, and social interaction may exist
with learning disabilities but do not by themselves constitute a learning
disability. Although learning disabilities may occur concomitantly with other
handicapping conditions (for example sensory impairment, mental retardation,
serious emotional disturbance) or with extrinsic influences (such as cultural
differences, insufficient or inappropriate instruction), they are not the
result of those conditions or influences.
(National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities, 1994, p. 16)
Key Elements of the Definition
Learning
disabilities
·
is a general term for a heterogeneous group of disorders;
·
are manifested by significant difficulties in listening,
speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or math;
·
are part of a person’s make-up (they will not go away);
·
are presumed to be a dysfunction of the central nervous
system;
·
may occur across the life span;
·
may result in problems with behavior, social perceptions,
and social interactions (but they are not the disability);
·
are not the result of other disabilities such as loss of
sight or hearing, nor are they the result of a lack of intelligence, or
deficiencies in education.
Adapted from Bridges
to Practice Guidebook 1, National Adult Literacy and Learning Disabilities
Center, Washington, D.C. 1999